Medical Surgery — MCQ ও উত্তর

মেডিকেল ভর্তি · । এই অধ্যায়ে মোট 779টি প্রশ্ন আছে। নিচে প্রথম 10টি প্রশ্ন ও সঠিক উত্তর দেওয়া হলো।

এই অধ্যায়ে সব প্রশ্নে অনুশীলন করুন

1. Who is credited with pioneering the use of antiseptic techniques in surgical practice?

   1. Ignaz Semmelweis
   2. Joseph Lister
   3. Edward Jenner
   4. Louis Pasteur

   সঠিক উত্তর: Joseph Lister

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - Joseph Lister is credited with pioneering the use of antiseptic techniques in surgical practice by applying carbolic acid to surgical wounds, instruments, and dressings to significantly reduce postoperative infections. - His systematic approach demonstrated that microbial contamination was the cause of wound sepsis, transforming surgery from a highly fatal procedure into a safer practice. - This innovation laid the foundation for modern aseptic surgical technique, drastically lowering morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. - Lister’s work established the principle of controlling the surgical environment to prevent infection, which remains a cornerstone in surgical practice today. Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

2. During which historical period was the Sushruta Samhita composed?

   1. 6th century BCE
   2. 3rd century CE
   3. 1st century BCE
   4. 8th century CE

   সঠিক উত্তর: 6th century BCE

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option A - The Sushruta Samhita is considered one of the earliest and most comprehensive texts on surgery, composed around the 6th century BCE. - It details advanced surgical techniques including plastic surgery, rhinoplasty, and cataract extraction. Its significance lies in the systematic approach to operative procedures, anatomy, and wound management that laid foundational principles for surgery. - This timing places it well before the common era, reflecting early Indian advancements in medicine. - Thus, the 6th century BCE is the historically accepted period of its composition.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

3. Who is credited with the invention of the first practical X-ray machine?

   1. Wilhelm Röntgen
   2. Marie Curie
   3. Thomas Edison
   4. Nikola Tesla

   সঠিক উত্তর: Wilhelm Röntgen

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option A - Wilhelm Röntgen is credited with the invention of the first practical X-ray machine due to his discovery of X-rays in 1895. - This breakthrough allowed for the non-invasive visualization of internal anatomical structures, revolutionizing diagnostic surgery. - The ability to identify fractures, locate foreign bodies, and assess pathological conditions without exploratory surgery significantly improved patient outcomes.- Röntgen’s X-ray machine became an essential tool in surgical practice, providing detailed images that enhanced clinical decision-making and operative planning. - This innovation laid the foundation for modern radiology and its integration into surgical care. Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

4. The Hippocratic Oath, a foundational ethical code for physicians, was originally established in which ancient civilization?

   1. Egypt
   2. Rome
   3. Greece
   4. Babylonia

   সঠিক উত্তর: Greece

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option C - The Hippocratic Oath was established in ancient Greece as an ethical framework guiding physicians in their professional conduct.- It emphasizes the principles of medical confidentiality, non-maleficence, and beneficence, which remain fundamental to surgical practice today. - The oath originated from the school attributed to Hippocrates, often called the "Father of Medicine," whose teachings form the basis of Western medical ethics. - Understanding these principles is essential for surgeons to maintain patient trust and uphold the integrity of the profession.- Surgical practice demands adherence to these ethical standards to ensure patient safety and effective care.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

5. In which decade was robotic surgery first introduced into clinical practice?

   1. 1980s
   2. 1990s
   3. 2000s
   4. 2010s

   সঠিক উত্তর: 1990s

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - Robotic surgery was first introduced into clinical practice in the 1990s due to advancements in minimally invasive techniques and computer-assisted surgery. - This decade saw the development of systems that allowed surgeons to perform complex procedures with enhanced precision, dexterity, and control beyond conventional laparoscopic tools.- The use of robotic systems minimized surgical trauma, improved visualization through 3D imaging, and facilitated access to anatomically challenging locations. - These innovations laid the foundation for widespread adoption and ongoing evolution of robotic-assisted surgery in various surgical specialties. Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

6. The field of plastic surgery began to develop significantly during which of the following periods?

   1. World War II
   2. World War I
   3. The Renaissance era
   4. The Industrial Revolution

   সঠিক উত্তর: World War I

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - The field of plastic surgery developed significantly during World War I due to the unprecedented number of complex facial and limb injuries caused by new warfare technology. - This period necessitated advances in reconstructive techniques, including skin grafting, flap procedures, and bone reconstruction. - Pioneers like Harold Gillies introduced systematic approaches to restore function and aesthetics in wounded soldiers, marking the foundation of modern plastic surgery.- The clinical imperative to manage severe trauma led to the establishment of specialized units and formalized training in reconstructive surgery. - Thus, World War I was pivotal in transforming plastic surgery from a limited practice to a comprehensive surgical specialty. Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

7. Which was the first medical school to mandate surgical training as part of its curriculum?

   1. University of Padua
   2. University of Bologna
   3. University of Salerno
   4. University of Paris

   সঠিক উত্তর: University of Bologna

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - The University of Bologna was the first medical school to formally mandate surgical training as an integral part of its curriculum, distinguishing it from earlier institutions where surgery was often considered inferior to medicine. - This innovation emphasized the importance of practical surgical skills alongside theoretical knowledge, laying the foundation for modern surgical education. - The Bologna model integrated structured instruction and hands-on surgical experience, which enhanced the proficiency of medical graduates and advanced surgical practice. - This approach underscored the essential role of surgery in comprehensive medical training.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

8. Endoscopic techniques were initially pioneered in which medical specialty?

   1. Gastroenterology
   2. Gynecology
   3. Urology
   4. Orthopedics

   সঠিক উত্তর: Gynecology

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - Endoscopic techniques were initially pioneered in gynecology, particularly with the development of laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic pathology. - Early gynecologists used endoscopes to visualize the abdominal cavity with minimal invasiveness, enabling procedures such as tubal ligation and ovarian cyst removal. - This foundational work established key principles of minimally invasive surgery, including the use of small incisions, specialized optical instruments, and insufflation techniques to create a working space.- The success in gynecology laid the groundwork for the later adoption and refinement of endoscopic methods across other surgical specialties.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

9. In preparation for surgery, the instruction 'NPO' primarily means which of the following?

   1. Nothing by mouth
   2. No physical activity
   3. No intravenous fluids
   4. No oral medications except water

   সঠিক উত্তর: Nothing by mouth

   ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option A - The instruction 'NPO' stands for “nil per os,” a Latin phrase meaning “nothing by mouth.” - It is a critical preoperative directive to prevent aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia, which can cause serious pulmonary complications.- Maintaining an empty stomach reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia, thereby increasing patient safety during induction of anesthesia. - Hence, NPO instructs patients to abstain from all oral intake, including food, liquids, and sometimes medications, up to a specified time before surgery.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.

10. How many classifications are included in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system?

    1. 5 classes
    2. 6 classes
    3. 4 classes
    4. 7 classes

    সঠিক উত্তর: 6 classes

    ব্যাখ্যা: সমাধান সঠিক উত্তর: Option B - The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system includes 6 classes to assess a patient's preoperative health and predict perioperative risks. - These classes range from ASA I (a healthy patient) to ASA VI (a brain-dead patient whose organs are being harvested for transplantation). - The addition of ASA VI provides a standardized category for patients with no chance of recovery but still undergoing anesthesia for organ donation. - This system aids in risk stratification and surgical planning, allowing better communication among clinicians and improved perioperative management.Reference: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery, 27th Edition.